Fundamental plant biology enabled by the space shuttle.

This research study found a unique type of black mold, called Aspergillus niger (A. niger), living on the inside surfaces of the International Space Station (ISS). Scientists compared this space-based fungus to another well-known A. niger strain that lives here on Earth and discovered some interesting differences between them. The ISS mold grew faster than its Earth counterpart, which is noteworthy because it could affect how we manage cleanliness in the confined spaces of space travel or future colonies beyond our planet. The researchers also found that this fungus has a unique set of proteins inside it-these are like tiny machines within cells that help them survive and function, especially when they're under stress from lack of food (starvation) or exposure to harmful substances called oxidants. What makes the ISS mold special is its ability to adapt better in these challenging conditions compared to other A.

This research paper presents the characterization of a distinct strain of Aspergillus niger, designated as JSC-093350089 (ISS), isolated from surfaces within the U.S. segment of the International Space Station (ISS). The study aimed to understand fungal adaptation and survival in spacecraft environments by comparing this ISS isolate with a terrestrial reference strain, ATCC1015. Methodology: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on JSC-093350089, which allowed for its phylogenetic placement within the A. niger/welwitschiae /lacticoffeatus clade and provided insights into genetic variance among different strains of Aspergillus niger. The growth rate and pigment distribution were assessed through in vitro cultivation on GMM (Glucose, Mannitol, Molasses) agar at 30°C after seven days.